Iot Based Flood Detection Management System

IoT or the internet of things is characterized as a forthcoming innovation that empowers us to control equipment gadgets through the Internet. Homes of the next generation will become more and more self-controlled and mechanized because of the solace it gives, particularly when utilized in Environmental based applications..  

Floods are the most dangerous natural disaster in this world that causes the loss of human and animal life and property. The government would spend billions of dollars to recover the affected area. Flood due to earthquakes in oceans, hurricanes, rainfall, and other natural disasters occur in many parts of the globe every year. Heavy rainfall leading to unmanaged drainage systems is also a major cause of floods. So it is necessary to develop a flood control system as a mechanism to reduce the flood risk, thereby helping to save the life by evacuating the flood-affected area. So in this project, we design a flood detection system to detect the water levels in some ponds, dams, or reservoirs and then send an alert using a buzzer. This system comprises utilizes an Arduino UNO, ultrasonic sensor, buzzer, LCD, and some connecting wires.

BENEFITS OF PROPOSED SYSTEM:

• Able to independently monitor water level on remote site.
• Send data of water level status from all sites to a centralized server.
• Have a web-based system accessible 24×7 by user via internet connection.
• Prevents detrimental effect of flood water
• Real time monitoring of the water movement 
• Overall area map showing live status of each station being monitored.

PROPOSED SYSTEM

This paper proposes a flood warning system that can detect the water level and measure the speed of the rise of the water level. To give the society an earlier notification to evacuate before the water rises to a dangerous level, the measurement result is sent as an alert to a mobile phone through Short Message Service (SMS). This project is designed on the IoT-based platform, where data from the sensor is collected at the mini-processor and alert is generated and transmitted as SMS to a smartphone. 

An ultrasonic sensor will be placed at some base level such that the transmitter and receiver will face the water level. Arduino UNO will measure the distance between the sensor and the water level. The LCD will print the distance between them. We will set some benchmark for flood level and as water will reach the benchmark we will set the buzzer to ‘high’ and the LCD will print the text alerting about the flood.

The system consists of various sensors which are temperature, humidity, water level, flow, and ultrasonic sensors, and also includes an Arduino controller, a Wi-Fi module, an LCD, an IoT remote server-based platform, and an android application with constructed user-friendly GUI  relaying all the vital information.  Based on this and some other parameters we may decide if the flood is going to occur or not. We connect them to the cloud from where we connect this to the mobile application.

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE:

Components Required

• Arduino UNO:

 This microcontroller is open-source based on the Microchip ATmega328P developed by Arduino. cc. The current version of Arduino Uno comes with a USB interface, 14 digital I/O pins, 6 analog pins, an ICSP header, 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a power jack,  and a reset button. And an Atmega328 microcontroller is used to connect the external circuits.

• HC-SR04 ULTRASONIC SENSOR

This ultrasonic sensor module is used for measuring distance, object sensors, motion sensors, etc. Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 uses sonar to measure the distance of the object. It emits an ultrasonic wave at 40 kHz which will go and bounce back after hitting an object. An ultrasonic sensor detects and measures the distance of a target object using ultrasonic sound waves and converts the reflected sound into an electrical signal. 

• DHT11 TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITY SENSOR

A temperature sensor is designed as an electronic device that measures the temperature of its environment and converts the input data into electronic data to record monitor or signal temperature changes.The DHT 11 is a low-powered electronic device that lets us get the value of the temperature and the moisture. The sensor consists of a capacitive humidity sensor and a Thermistor connected to a high-performance 8-bit microcontroller. 

• WATER LEVEL SENSOR:

Water Level sensors used to detect the level of water. This water level controller used in a pump, an indicator, an alarm, or other devices. The water level sensor module is easy-to-use and cost-effective with a high level/drop recognition sensor.

• LCD DISPLAY

Displaying information is one of the crucial steps in electronic projects. So using LCDs has always been one of the most popular ways to display information. This 1602 LCD module is a very popular display. 16*2 LCD module consists of 16 columns and 2 rows, so it has 32 (16*2) characters in total.

• ESP8266 WiFi MODULE:

  ESP8266 Wifi Module AP & Station Remote Serial Wireless IoT Board designed based on an integrated chip specifically to fulfill the needs of a new connected world. It can handle all the necessary overhead for communicating with your network, such as TCP/IP stack and communicating with your 802.11 networks. The  ESP8266  WiFi Module is a self-contained SoC with an integrated  TCP/IP protocol stack that can give access to your WiFi network (or the device can act as an access point). One useful feature of Uno WiFi is support for  OTA (over-the-air) programming, either for the transfer of Arduino sketches or WiFi firmware.

CONCLUSION:

Nowadays Natural calamities such as Flood are the biggest concern in many parts of the world. So here we propose IoT based Flood Management system using Arduino Uno, Temperature & Humidity sensors, Ultrasonic sensors, wifi modules etc. This system is a cost-effective and efficient system designed for real-time monitoring of water levels utilizing  Internet of Things (IoT) technology and if water level crosses a predefined value, the system will inform the public via SMS through Mobile phone. Thereby provides a quick warning on the occurrence of the flood and is necessary for alerting residents to take early action such as evacuating quickly to a safer and higher place. As a solution, this system is designed not only to detect the water level but also be able to measure the rise speed of the water level and alert the resident.